A
Swiss reference letter code

„gegenüber den Vorgesetzten trat er stets loyal und korrekt auf“

What this German phrase in your Swiss Arbeitszeugnis (employment reference letter) really says about you – and which grade it hides.

Literal translation vs. real meaning

Literal translation (what DeepL tells you)

“...towards superiors he always acted in a loyal and correct manner...”

What Swiss HR actually reads

While conduct was technically correct, it indicates a lack of genuine willingness to cooperate or a distant relationship, corresponding to grade 4.0 on the Swiss 1-6 scale.

Hidden rating

Sufficient (Grade 4.0)

German rating: Genügend (Note 4.0)

4.0
Swiss grade (1–6, 6 = best)

What it means in detail

Under Swiss practice, describing behavior merely as 'correct' without highlighting active cooperation or warmth signals underlying friction. The principle of goodwill (art. 330a CO) obliges employers to rephrase poor conduct into polite, neutral terms. Consequently, HR readers interpret 'loyal und korrekt' as a bare pass.

How to fix it

It is recommended to object in writing and request replacing this formulation with a clearly positive clause such as 'erledigte die Aufgaben stets zu unserer vollen Zufriedenheit'.

Suggested wording (German, for your HR department)

Es wird empfohlen, beim Arbeitgeber schriftlich Einsprache zu erheben und die Ersetzung der Formulierung durch eine klar positive Leistungsklausel (z.B. „erledigte die Aufgaben stets zu unserer vollen Zufriedenheit“) zu verlangen.

Hidden criticism detected (grade 4.0)

Under Art. 330a of the Swiss Code of Obligations (OR), a reference letter must be true but benevolent. Coded downgrades rarely come alone – the same letter often contains further codes or omissions.

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Relevant court decision

Telling silence & social conduct

Verwaltungsgericht ZH VB.2019.00365 vom 9. Mai 2020, E. 2.4

The Administrative Court of the Canton of Zurich describes the practice of “telling silence” (beredtes Schweigen): if a quality that would normally be mentioned is left out, the reader concludes that it is missing. Leaving out one group of people when describing conduct (e.g. superiors) is generally read as a hint at negative behaviour.

„Darunter gehört, wenn etwa bei der Verhaltensbeurteilung nur das Verhalten zu Mitarbeitern und Kunden erwähnt wird, nicht aber jenes zu Vorgesetzten.“

Unofficial translation: “This includes, for example, a conduct assessment that mentions behaviour towards co-workers and customers, but not towards superiors.”

Read the full decision (German)

Related phrases

Decode your entire reference letter

Upload your Arbeitszeugnis and get your overall Swiss grade, the number of issues found and a short legal assessment – explained in English.

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Read this entry in German: Bedeutung von „gegenüber den Vorgesetzten trat er stets loyal und korrekt auf“