A
Swiss reference letter code

„Verhalten gegenüber Vorgesetzten war jederzeit loyal und korrekt“

What this German phrase in your Swiss Arbeitszeugnis (employment reference letter) really says about you – and which grade it hides.

Literal translation vs. real meaning

Literal translation (what DeepL tells you)

“...conduct towards superiors was at all times loyal and correct...”

What Swiss HR actually reads

Eloquent silence ('beredtes Schweigen') regarding peers signals an inability to work in a team or severe team conflicts, equal to grade 4.0.

Hidden rating

Sufficient (grade 4.0)

German rating: Genügend (Note 4.0)

4.0
Swiss grade (1–6, 6 = best)

What it means in detail

While conduct towards managers is praised, leaving out colleagues is a textbook example of eloquent silence ('beredtes Schweigen'). Under art. 330a CO and the principle of goodwill, employers omit specific groups to reveal interpersonal friction. Swiss HR reads this as a clear warning about team integration.

How to fix it

Lodging a written objection is recommended, asking for a standard positive formulation such as "erledigte die Aufgaben stets zu unserer vollen Zufriedenheit".

Suggested wording (German, for your HR department)

Es wird empfohlen, beim Arbeitgeber schriftlich Einsprache zu erheben und die Ersetzung der Formulierung durch eine klar positive Leistungsklausel (z.B. „erledigte die Aufgaben stets zu unserer vollen Zufriedenheit“) zu verlangen.

Hidden criticism detected (grade 4.0)

Under Art. 330a of the Swiss Code of Obligations (OR), a reference letter must be true but benevolent. Coded downgrades rarely come alone – the same letter often contains further codes or omissions.

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Relevant court decision

Telling silence & social conduct

Verwaltungsgericht ZH VB.2019.00365 vom 9. Mai 2020, E. 2.4

The Administrative Court of the Canton of Zurich describes the practice of “telling silence” (beredtes Schweigen): if a quality that would normally be mentioned is left out, the reader concludes that it is missing. Leaving out one group of people when describing conduct (e.g. superiors) is generally read as a hint at negative behaviour.

„Darunter gehört, wenn etwa bei der Verhaltensbeurteilung nur das Verhalten zu Mitarbeitern und Kunden erwähnt wird, nicht aber jenes zu Vorgesetzten.“

Unofficial translation: “This includes, for example, a conduct assessment that mentions behaviour towards co-workers and customers, but not towards superiors.”

Read the full decision (German)

Related phrases

Decode your entire reference letter

Upload your Arbeitszeugnis and get your overall Swiss grade, the number of issues found and a short legal assessment – explained in English.

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Read this entry in German: Bedeutung von „Verhalten gegenüber Vorgesetzten war jederzeit loyal und korrekt“