A
Swiss reference letter code

„[Auslassung]: Fehlende Erwähnung des Verhaltens gegenüber den Eigentümern/Vorgesetzten (beredtes Schweigen)“

What this German phrase in your Swiss Arbeitszeugnis (employment reference letter) really says about you – and which grade it hides.

Literal translation vs. real meaning

Literal translation (what DeepL tells you)

“[Omission]: Missing mention of behavior towards owners/superiors (eloquent silence)”

What Swiss HR actually reads

Omitting behavior towards superiors is read as eloquent silence ('beredtes Schweigen'), signaling grade 3.5 on the Swiss 1-6 scale.

Hidden rating

Insufficient (Grade 3.5)

German rating: Ungenügend (Note 3.5)

3.5
Swiss grade (1–6, 6 = best)

What it means in detail

In Swiss reference practice, conduct must traditionally be evaluated in a specific order: superiors, colleagues, and external parties. Omitting superiors leads HR readers to conclude that there were serious interpersonal issues (Verwaltungsgericht ZH VB.2019.00365). A full reference ('Vollzeugnis') must cover both performance and conduct (art. 330a CO; BGE 129 III 177).

How to fix it

The employee should request the inclusion of the missing section in writing, as eloquent silence ('beredtes Schweigen') constitutes a hidden devaluation.

Suggested wording (German, for your HR department)

Der Arbeitnehmer sollte schriftlich die Ergänzung der fehlenden Zeugnispassage verlangen, da beredtes Schweigen eine versteckte Abwertung darstellt.

Hidden criticism detected (grade 3.5)

Under Art. 330a of the Swiss Code of Obligations (OR), a reference letter must be true but benevolent. Coded downgrades rarely come alone – the same letter often contains further codes or omissions.

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Relevant court decision

Telling silence & social conduct

Verwaltungsgericht ZH VB.2019.00365 vom 9. Mai 2020, E. 2.4

The Administrative Court of the Canton of Zurich describes the practice of “telling silence” (beredtes Schweigen): if a quality that would normally be mentioned is left out, the reader concludes that it is missing. Leaving out one group of people when describing conduct (e.g. superiors) is generally read as a hint at negative behaviour.

„Darunter gehört, wenn etwa bei der Verhaltensbeurteilung nur das Verhalten zu Mitarbeitern und Kunden erwähnt wird, nicht aber jenes zu Vorgesetzten.“

Unofficial translation: “This includes, for example, a conduct assessment that mentions behaviour towards co-workers and customers, but not towards superiors.”

Read the full decision (German)

Related phrases

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Upload your Arbeitszeugnis and get your overall Swiss grade, the number of issues found and a short legal assessment – explained in English.

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Read this entry in German: Bedeutung von „[Auslassung]: Fehlende Erwähnung des Verhaltens gegenüber den Eigentümern/Vorgesetzten (beredtes Schweigen)“