A
Swiss reference letter code

„[Auslassung]: Fehlende Beurteilung des Verhaltens gegenüber Teamkollegen und Mitarbeitern (Beredtes Schweigen deutet auf mangelnde Teamfähigkeit hin)“

What this German phrase in your Swiss Arbeitszeugnis (employment reference letter) really says about you – and which grade it hides.

Literal translation vs. real meaning

Literal translation (what DeepL tells you)

“[Omission]: Missing assessment of behaviour towards team colleagues and employees (eloquent silence points to a lack of teamwork skills)”

What Swiss HR actually reads

The omission of conduct towards colleagues is read as eloquent silence ('beredtes Schweigen'), indicating an insufficient grade of 3.5 on the Swiss 1-6 scale.

Hidden rating

Insufficient (Grade 3.5)

German rating: Ungenügend (Note 3.5)

3.5
Swiss grade (1–6, 6 = best)

What it means in detail

A full reference ('Vollzeugnis') must cover both performance and conduct under art. 330a CO (BGE 129 III 177). When a standard element is left out, HR readers conclude that the quality is lacking (Verwaltungsgericht ZH VB.2019.00365). This eloquent silence ('beredtes Schweigen') signals team integration issues to Swiss HR.

How to fix it

The employee should request in writing that the missing section be added, as eloquent silence constitutes a hidden devaluation.

Suggested wording (German, for your HR department)

Der Arbeitnehmer sollte schriftlich die Ergänzung der fehlenden Zeugnispassage verlangen, da beredtes Schweigen eine versteckte Abwertung darstellt.

Hidden criticism detected (grade 3.5)

Under Art. 330a of the Swiss Code of Obligations (OR), a reference letter must be true but benevolent. Coded downgrades rarely come alone – the same letter often contains further codes or omissions.

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Relevant court decision

Telling silence & social conduct

Verwaltungsgericht ZH VB.2019.00365 vom 9. Mai 2020, E. 2.4

The Administrative Court of the Canton of Zurich describes the practice of “telling silence” (beredtes Schweigen): if a quality that would normally be mentioned is left out, the reader concludes that it is missing. Leaving out one group of people when describing conduct (e.g. superiors) is generally read as a hint at negative behaviour.

„Darunter gehört, wenn etwa bei der Verhaltensbeurteilung nur das Verhalten zu Mitarbeitern und Kunden erwähnt wird, nicht aber jenes zu Vorgesetzten.“

Unofficial translation: “This includes, for example, a conduct assessment that mentions behaviour towards co-workers and customers, but not towards superiors.”

Read the full decision (German)

Related phrases

Decode your entire reference letter

Upload your Arbeitszeugnis and get your overall Swiss grade, the number of issues found and a short legal assessment – explained in English.

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Read this entry in German: Bedeutung von „[Auslassung]: Fehlende Beurteilung des Verhaltens gegenüber Teamkollegen und Mitarbeitern (Beredtes Schweigen deutet auf mangelnde Teamfähigkeit hin)“