A
Swiss reference letter code

„[Auslassung]: Fehlende Beurteilung des Führungsverhaltens gegenüber den ihm unterstellten Mitarbeitenden“

What this German phrase in your Swiss Arbeitszeugnis (employment reference letter) really says about you – and which grade it hides.

Literal translation vs. real meaning

Literal translation (what DeepL tells you)

“[Omission]: Missing evaluation of leadership behavior towards subordinate employees”

What Swiss HR actually reads

Omitting an evaluation of management skills is read as eloquent silence ('beredtes Schweigen'), implying grade 3.5 on the Swiss 1-6 scale.

Hidden rating

Insufficient (grade 3.5)

German rating: Ungenügend (Note 3.5)

3.5
Swiss grade (1–6, 6 = best)

What it means in detail

For managers, leadership behavior is an essential element of a full reference ('Vollzeugnis') under art. 330a CO and BGE 129 III 177. If an assessment of leadership is absent, Swiss HR concludes that management performance was poor (Verwaltungsgericht ZH VB.2019.00365). Employers use this omission technique to comply with the principle of goodwill while signaling serious leadership shortcomings.

How to fix it

The employee should request in writing that the missing evaluation passage be added, as eloquent silence acts as a hidden devaluation.

Suggested wording (German, for your HR department)

Der Arbeitnehmer sollte schriftlich die Ergänzung der fehlenden Zeugnispassage verlangen, da beredtes Schweigen eine versteckte Abwertung darstellt.

Hidden criticism detected (grade 3.5)

Under Art. 330a of the Swiss Code of Obligations (OR), a reference letter must be true but benevolent. Coded downgrades rarely come alone – the same letter often contains further codes or omissions.

Check your whole certificate free
Relevant court decision

Telling silence & social conduct

Verwaltungsgericht ZH VB.2019.00365 vom 9. Mai 2020, E. 2.4

The Administrative Court of the Canton of Zurich describes the practice of “telling silence” (beredtes Schweigen): if a quality that would normally be mentioned is left out, the reader concludes that it is missing. Leaving out one group of people when describing conduct (e.g. superiors) is generally read as a hint at negative behaviour.

„Darunter gehört, wenn etwa bei der Verhaltensbeurteilung nur das Verhalten zu Mitarbeitern und Kunden erwähnt wird, nicht aber jenes zu Vorgesetzten.“

Unofficial translation: “This includes, for example, a conduct assessment that mentions behaviour towards co-workers and customers, but not towards superiors.”

Read the full decision (German)

Related phrases

Decode your entire reference letter

Upload your Arbeitszeugnis and get your overall Swiss grade, the number of issues found and a short legal assessment – explained in English.

Check your whole certificate free

Read this entry in German: Bedeutung von „[Auslassung]: Fehlende Beurteilung des Führungsverhaltens gegenüber den ihm unterstellten Mitarbeitenden“