A
Swiss reference letter code

„[Auslassung]: Fehlende Beurteilung des Führungsverhaltens (Beredtes Schweigen bei einer Führungskraft)“

What this German phrase in your Swiss Arbeitszeugnis (employment reference letter) really says about you – and which grade it hides.

Literal translation vs. real meaning

Literal translation (what DeepL tells you)

“[Omission]: Missing assessment of leadership behavior (eloquent silence for a manager)”

What Swiss HR actually reads

Omitting leadership behavior for a managerial role constitutes eloquent silence ('beredtes Schweigen'), signaling poor management capabilities (grade 3.5 on the Swiss 1-6 scale).

Hidden rating

Insufficient (Grade 3.5)

German rating: Ungenügend (Note 3.5)

3.5
Swiss grade (1–6, 6 = best)

What it means in detail

Under art. 330a CO, a full reference ('Vollzeugnis') must assess all central aspects of a role, including leadership for managers (BGE 129 III 177). Leaving out a leadership evaluation leads prospective employers to conclude the employee failed as a manager (Verwaltungsgericht ZH VB.2019.00365). This operates as a coded negative signal within the bounds of benevolent phrasing.

How to fix it

The employee should write to the employer demanding the inclusion of a leadership evaluation, as eloquent silence ('beredtes Schweigen') functions as a covert downgrade.

Suggested wording (German, for your HR department)

Der Arbeitnehmer sollte schriftlich die Ergänzung der fehlenden Zeugnispassage verlangen, da beredtes Schweigen eine versteckte Abwertung darstellt.

Hidden criticism detected (grade 3.5)

Under Art. 330a of the Swiss Code of Obligations (OR), a reference letter must be true but benevolent. Coded downgrades rarely come alone – the same letter often contains further codes or omissions.

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Relevant court decision

Telling silence & social conduct

Verwaltungsgericht ZH VB.2019.00365 vom 9. Mai 2020, E. 2.4

The Administrative Court of the Canton of Zurich describes the practice of “telling silence” (beredtes Schweigen): if a quality that would normally be mentioned is left out, the reader concludes that it is missing. Leaving out one group of people when describing conduct (e.g. superiors) is generally read as a hint at negative behaviour.

„Darunter gehört, wenn etwa bei der Verhaltensbeurteilung nur das Verhalten zu Mitarbeitern und Kunden erwähnt wird, nicht aber jenes zu Vorgesetzten.“

Unofficial translation: “This includes, for example, a conduct assessment that mentions behaviour towards co-workers and customers, but not towards superiors.”

Read the full decision (German)

Related phrases

Decode your entire reference letter

Upload your Arbeitszeugnis and get your overall Swiss grade, the number of issues found and a short legal assessment – explained in English.

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Read this entry in German: Bedeutung von „[Auslassung]: Fehlende Beurteilung des Führungsverhaltens (Beredtes Schweigen bei einer Führungskraft)“