A
Swiss reference letter code

„[Auslassung]: Vollständiges Fehlen jeglicher Beurteilung des Sozialverhaltens (kein Wort zu Vorgesetzten, Kollegen oder externen Partnern)“

What this German phrase in your Swiss Arbeitszeugnis (employment reference letter) really says about you – and which grade it hides.

Literal translation vs. real meaning

Literal translation (what DeepL tells you)

“[Omission]: Complete absence of any assessment of social behaviour (not a word regarding superiors, colleagues or external partners)”

What Swiss HR actually reads

Omitting any evaluation of social behaviour is read as eloquent silence ('beredtes Schweigen'), signaling grade 3.5 on the Swiss scale.

Hidden rating

Insufficient (Grade 3.5)

German rating: Ungenügend (Note 3.5)

3.5
Swiss grade (1–6, 6 = best)

What it means in detail

Under Swiss labor law (art. 330a CO; BGE 129 III 177), a full reference ('Vollzeugnis') must address both performance and conduct. When a standard evaluation category is omitted entirely, readers conclude that the quality was deficient (Verwaltungsgericht ZH VB.2019.00365). This constitutes a covert negative evaluation under the principle of goodwill.

How to fix it

The employee should request in writing that the missing passage be added, as eloquent silence acts as a hidden devaluation.

Suggested wording (German, for your HR department)

Der Arbeitnehmer sollte schriftlich die Ergänzung der fehlenden Zeugnispassage verlangen, da beredtes Schweigen eine versteckte Abwertung darstellt.

Hidden criticism detected (grade 3.5)

Under Art. 330a of the Swiss Code of Obligations (OR), a reference letter must be true but benevolent. Coded downgrades rarely come alone – the same letter often contains further codes or omissions.

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Relevant court decision

Telling silence & social conduct

Verwaltungsgericht ZH VB.2019.00365 vom 9. Mai 2020, E. 2.4

The Administrative Court of the Canton of Zurich describes the practice of “telling silence” (beredtes Schweigen): if a quality that would normally be mentioned is left out, the reader concludes that it is missing. Leaving out one group of people when describing conduct (e.g. superiors) is generally read as a hint at negative behaviour.

„Darunter gehört, wenn etwa bei der Verhaltensbeurteilung nur das Verhalten zu Mitarbeitern und Kunden erwähnt wird, nicht aber jenes zu Vorgesetzten.“

Unofficial translation: “This includes, for example, a conduct assessment that mentions behaviour towards co-workers and customers, but not towards superiors.”

Read the full decision (German)

Related phrases

Decode your entire reference letter

Upload your Arbeitszeugnis and get your overall Swiss grade, the number of issues found and a short legal assessment – explained in English.

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Read this entry in German: Bedeutung von „[Auslassung]: Vollständiges Fehlen jeglicher Beurteilung des Sozialverhaltens (kein Wort zu Vorgesetzten, Kollegen oder externen Partnern)“