A
Swiss reference letter code

„[Auslassung]: Fehlende Beurteilung des Verhaltens und der Wirkung gegenueber Kunden (schwerwiegendes beredtes Schweigen bei einer reinen Kundenfunktion)“

What this German phrase in your Swiss Arbeitszeugnis (employment reference letter) really says about you – and which grade it hides.

Literal translation vs. real meaning

Literal translation (what DeepL tells you)

“[Omission]: Missing evaluation of behaviour and impact towards customers (severe eloquent silence in a purely customer-facing role)”

What Swiss HR actually reads

Omitting customer conduct in a customer-facing role is interpreted as eloquent silence ('beredtes Schweigen') indicating poor performance (grade 3.5 on the Swiss 1-6 scale).

Hidden rating

Insufficient (Grade 3.5)

German rating: Ungenügend (Note 3.5)

3.5
Swiss grade (1–6, 6 = best)

What it means in detail

When a mandatory aspect of a job is omitted from a full reference ('Vollzeugnis'), readers infer that the employee lacked that quality (Verwaltungsgericht ZH VB.2019.00365). Under art. 330a CO and established case law (BGE 129 III 177), a full reference must assess both performance and conduct. Omitting customer interaction in a sales or service role triggers eloquent silence ('beredtes Schweigen') and equates to a grade 3.5.

How to fix it

The employee should request in writing that the missing evaluation be added, as eloquent silence acts as a disguised devaluation.

Suggested wording (German, for your HR department)

Der Arbeitnehmer sollte schriftlich die Ergänzung der fehlenden Zeugnispassage verlangen, da beredtes Schweigen eine versteckte Abwertung darstellt.

Hidden criticism detected (grade 3.5)

Under Art. 330a of the Swiss Code of Obligations (OR), a reference letter must be true but benevolent. Coded downgrades rarely come alone – the same letter often contains further codes or omissions.

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Relevant court decision

Telling silence & social conduct

Verwaltungsgericht ZH VB.2019.00365 vom 9. Mai 2020, E. 2.4

The Administrative Court of the Canton of Zurich describes the practice of “telling silence” (beredtes Schweigen): if a quality that would normally be mentioned is left out, the reader concludes that it is missing. Leaving out one group of people when describing conduct (e.g. superiors) is generally read as a hint at negative behaviour.

„Darunter gehört, wenn etwa bei der Verhaltensbeurteilung nur das Verhalten zu Mitarbeitern und Kunden erwähnt wird, nicht aber jenes zu Vorgesetzten.“

Unofficial translation: “This includes, for example, a conduct assessment that mentions behaviour towards co-workers and customers, but not towards superiors.”

Read the full decision (German)

Related phrases

Decode your entire reference letter

Upload your Arbeitszeugnis and get your overall Swiss grade, the number of issues found and a short legal assessment – explained in English.

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Read this entry in German: Bedeutung von „[Auslassung]: Fehlende Beurteilung des Verhaltens und der Wirkung gegenueber Kunden (schwerwiegendes beredtes Schweigen bei einer reinen Kundenfunktion)“